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Notes

[Sunday 19 October 2008 - Saturday 25 October 2008]

[Notebook: DB 64 Gravitation]

[page 123]

Sunday 19 October 2008

Capitalism 3.0 Barnes Christianity x.0

Monday 20 October 2008

Spooky action at a distance (page 90) Notes 31 August 2008 Our hypothesis is that the Universe is quantized in order to prevent communication error, and that a consequence of this is [that] the finite maximum velocity of light is a consequence of the processing necessary to encode the quantized messages. As a consequence, we would expect no delay for messages that need no encoding, and therefore no processing. On the assumption that gravitation couples to everything and 'cannot go wrong' we hypothesize that gravitation need not be quantized. Consequently we might expect gravitation to propagate instantaneously. So question 1: is there any evidence that gravitational effects are limited by the velocity of light?

page 124

Salart et al have shown that action at a distance between entangled particles propagates at many times the velocity of light. What is the connection here. The quantum formalism is continuous, but Zurek argues that the quantum collapse of the wave function is logically connected to the transmission of information, so where no information is transmitted we might expect no collapse and no quantization. How do all these things fit together.

Zee shows that quantum mechanics is in effect one dimensional quantum field theory. The heart of quantum mechanics may thus be considered to be outside space and concerned only with time and energy. Gravitation, too, is concerned only with energy, seeing nothing else, ie seeing everything in terms of energy , blind to the details of the embodiment of energy. So we may see quantum mechanics and gravitation as properties of a Universe that has not yet evolved spatial distinctions.

The evolutionary paradigm has served to organize all living organisms into the tree of life which we may see as rooted in molecular chemical processes that are gradually differentiated , compartmentalized and layered to form immensely complex organisms such as ourselves. Chemists see the chemical tree rooted in atomic physics and physicists see the atomic tree rooted in particle physics which is ultimately rooted in the initial singularity whose only attribute appears to be an abundance of energy. All this development can be neatly encapsulated in a layered network paradigm.

A rogue nation. The vertex of evil. A nation where a deep sense of righteousness breeds prisons, locks, police and murder, a culture that is exported to the world by

[page 125]

the media, business and the military. But the days of rule by violence are coming to an end. Superior military force is becoming a useless liability and business power and media control are set to go the same way. What we see is a phase change caused by the opening of new channels of communication, first jet planes and now the internet.

Religion evolves, and evolution, insofar as it is observable us a series of events (punctuations) . We associate the transformation between Judaism and Christianity with the name Jesus of Nazareth, a person who saw how to augment the traditional teaching with something new and took some of the bugs out of the old system. The most important change, symbolized by the Apostle Paul, was the decision to export their intellectual property from Israel to the rest of the Roman Empire and beyond.

Christianity, since it was devised by celibates, has failed to appreciate the great notional divide between sensuality and sexuality.

Rubyfruit Jungle : unnecessary oppression of harmless behaviours, ie behaviour freely agreed to by all the stakeholders, as we say, and wittingly. Brown

Tuesday 21 October 2008

Wolfe: Painted . . . ; Sternberg: 'Whatever else it may be, all great art is about art.' page 81. Wolfe

On cleanliness and fear: Obama and guns.

[page 126]

. . .

Seeking a fit between model and reality. One can change either the model or reality, i stay in love [with one person] by thinking differently, or find new love in a different person.

FRIENDSHIP = fit We can recognize various levels of fit ranging from true love to trivial retail deals.

Spooky action at a distance, quantum mechanics, classical theology and maybe gravitation all point to a formal world outside space in the sense that spatial separation is meaningless to it, has no bearing on its operations. Al that counts is temporal succession. Space, by definition, is a realm of different symbols, whatever they may be. These symbols exist in parallel, that is they are spacelike. So we imagine spacetime as a continuous network of processors communicating by the exchange of energy and momentum.

We need a Keynesian revolution in spirituality. Jessica Irvine Sydney Morning Herald 15 October 2008 page 17: 'It was Keynes who after the Great Depression pioneered the idea that governments should intervene in the business cycle to smooth over its peaks and troughs. . . . Now the economy is in a downturn [?] and the Federal Government is spending 10 billion, it is doing the opposite. It is acting in a 'counter cyclical' way to help fuel the recovery.' Jessica Irvine

[page 127]

To a large degree we assess the credibility of a speech by the apparent conviction of the speaker. In the absence of any other criteria, the demagogue carries the day. It is so in the theological field, producing something of a dilemma common to much science: on the one hand if the hypothesis is to be hear, it must be passionately expounded, defended and differentiated from the alternatives.; on the other hand, scientific method requires us to explore all the possibilities and judge them on merit, just as we might do when recruiting an employee.

Lottery winning systems: proposing order where there is non, thus duping the punters into buying the system - how to get to heaven.

Wednesday 22 October 2008

Quantum field theory takes space-time as given and attribute to it a classical continuous structure defined locally by special relativity. We wish (Like Misner, Thorne and Wheeler) to go behind this veil and derive an information theoretical picture of spacetime from thee properties of information carrying networks. Misner, Thorne and Wheeler Since these are layered we postulate an initial layers that is completely without structure isomorphic (iso=not-morphic) to the classical god of medieval scientists, philosophers and theologians. Our new space has discrete dynamics described by Turing machines and ordered sets of symbols which at once removes the infinities from Quantum Field Theory because we are no longer concerned with infinitesimal denominators of continuous spacetime (at least in the observable world) but with discrete messages and processes.

[page 128]

Quantum Field Theory starts with Lagrangians and uses them to construct Feynman diagrams whose integration provides the amplitudes for events in the system described by the Lagrangian. Veltman How does the network picture fit this?

Veltman page xi: 'Perturbation theory means Feynman diagrams. It appears, therefore, that anyone working in elementary particle physics . . . need to know about these objects. Here there is a most curious situation: the resulting machinery is far better than the originating theory . . . '

page xii: 'Well, things are as they are. In this book the object is to derive Feynman rules, but there is no good way to do this. The physicist may take the pragmatic attitude: so long as it works, so what. [Christianity falls into this category]. Indeed, that is a valid attitude. But that is not really enough. Feynman rules have a true physics content, and the physicist must understand that. He/She must know how Lorentz invariance, conservation of probability, renormalizability reflect themselves in Feynman rules.'

page 1: The infinitesimal mathematical niftiness of Lorentz transformations viewed as rotations in spacetime may serve to hide the physical content, which amounts to classical communication causality" a message takes time to propagate from A to B ad so A can have no effect on B (there can be no correlation of B with A) until this time has elapsed.

'Spooky action at a distance' establishes correlations instantly, as though there we no distance between the agents.

[page 129]

Lorentz transformation in 3+1 space has six parameters, ie six degrees of freedom arising from orientation (direction) and position. Lorentz transformation in 1 space (time) has just one parameter (time), ie velocity through time which cannot be measured because is the absence of space there can be no member of the past.

All other things being equal, if there are two possibilities (a space with to points) a system will spend half its time in each.

Veltman page 4: Since any finite rotation can be seen as an infinite sequence of infinitesimal rotations it is sufficient for most purposes to understand infinitesimal Lorentz transformations.'

This is possible if Lorentz transformations are integrable, ie all the same so they can be described by an additive measure theory, ie they behave like cardinal numbers. It will not work if individual transformations are formally different from one another, like chalk and cheese, The network model allow for such differences through different encodings. The fact that that Lorentz transformations work at the simplest level means there is only one encoding here, the cardinal encoding which sends messages by sending cardinal numbers (counts) which classical physics treats as real numbers. Real numbers can be represented (approximately( by rational numbers whose numerator and denominator are counts. Physics holds in the cardinal domain, and physical theories (like quantum mechanics) provide us with a mechanism (accounting system) to account for the counts we observe.

[page 130]

Veltman page 10: Maxwell. The gradient of a potential is a force. The unit of force is a message. If the message us the empty set, a pure unit the total force is just the total number of messages. If, on the other hand, the messages are differentiated elements of a larger structure (like a computer program) the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This greatness is measured by the transfinite transition, since uniting disparate events into a string of events exponentially increases the number of states available to the system and thus the information content of actual systems in this space.

The mathematical bootstrap: insofar as the system is error free, it is able to implement error correction procedures to secure its own integrity. Creation.

DeLisi N455:877: 'As in all complex human ventures, the Human Genome Project had its share of stresses, squabbles and power plays between different agencies. In the end everyone that mattered pulled together to create what I regard as a phase transition in national science policy. It is a monumental tribute to the biomedical research enterprise in the United States - not only to the scientific ingenuity that brought it successfully to completion, but to a culture of versatility and adaptability. DeLisi

Biology is the study of molecular machines and networks of molecular machines.

Points of interest: non-quantization of gravitation / instantaneous action at a distance / renormalization

[page 131]

Pure energy transfer: message is an empty set. How does energy couple to itself?

Dark matter introduces a repulsive form of gravitation? Causing the Universe to expand faster than ballistic? Dark matter - Wikipedia

Richtmeyer et al Introduction to Modern Physics p 127: 'It must be emphasized that the assumption of a discrete set of possible energy values or energy levels for an oscillator was completely at variance with classical ideas . . . when the energy of a given oscillator changer, therefore, it must change suddenly and discontinuously.' by receiving a discrete message. Richtmeyer et al

Veltman page 15: Momentum description: 'the state of a free spinless particle is completely specified by its three-momentum', ie completely specified relative to space-time. Spacetime are of the essence of the definition of a particle. Yet 3-momentum has no meaning except with reference to a frame from which the momentum is measured. In its own rest frame a particle has momentum 0.

'a particle of well defined momentum and energy is described by a plane wave' occupying all of spacetime.

Hilbert space vectors are orthogonal if the corresponding states are mutually exclusive.

page 16: 'there is a problem because the momentum range is continuous'. It is made discrete by putting the Universe in a box.

page 21: Quantum states do not exist in spacetime - this explains action at a distance. They can, however, be projected onto spacetime.

[page 132]

From action to Feynman diagram. Feynman diagram - Wikipedia What is the network formulation of this transition?

Veltman page 23: [Locality[ we hope will be achieved by insisting that the operator (matrix) describing a process at space-time point x will commute with a similar operator for the space-time point y if x and y are outside eachother's light cone.' ie XY - YX = 0.

McDonough N455:81: 'Berry and colleagues' findings are groundbreaking, both for the experimental method used (x-ray absorption near-edge structural spectroscopy, which shows that we can interrogate minute and precious fragments of the ancient earth) and for what they reveal about the early earth.' McDonough

Thursday 23 October 2008

1. States represented by vectors in Hilbert space.
2. Union of states in tensor product of Hilbert spaces
3. Unitary evolution.
4. Repeated measurements identical
5. Measurements restricted to orthonormal set of eigenstates of observable, \{ |sk >\}
6. Probability of outcome pk = |< sk | q >|2 where | q > is preexisting state of system.

1. Let the Hilbert space be the network memory. It has a given dimension, n, which enables the establishment of a basis for the space of n orthogonal basis vectors, | bi > |. The state of the network psi is encoded in this space as

[page 133]

psi = SUMi ai | bi > where SUMi |ai |2 = 1. This memory is a complex space, each dimension representing an independent memory location being capable of storing a complex number 0 =< |z | <= 1. We can imagine these complex numbers projected onto the complex plane as Feynman's 'little arrows' in 2D, and the whole vector representing a state as the vector sum of these arrows in n dimensions. Feynman

2. Joint state of two vectors represented in the Hilbert [tensor] product space of the constituent networks. If we think of the constituent Hilbert spaces as containing one network node per dimension the Hilbert product space substitutes each of the nodes of one term of the product with the whole space of the other term, so that the product is in effect a network of networks or an internet.

3. The state of a system is represented by a vector of length 1, ie |psi |2 = 1. The evolution of the state is equivalent to this changing its direction at constant length in the Hilbert space, so that the evolution is equivalent to a path on the surface of a hypersphere of radius 1 in a space of 2n dimensions. Unitary evolution preserves the normalization. From a network point of view the rotation of the normalized state vector suggests a conserved flow from one point to another, a flow of probability or energy, but not an observed flow. We now turn to observation.

4. A quantum state can exist in any normalized superposition, ie there is no constraint (other than normalization) on the amplitudes aj . Measurement, however, forces the system into one or other basis state where one of the aj is 1 and all the rest 0. A measurement repeated so quickly that the system has not moved

[page 134]

away from this state will yield the same result.

5. Observation restricts the outcomes of a superposition of states to those corresponding to the basis vectors of the operator used for the observations. The instrument with which we look, in other words, determines to some extent what we see.

Performing an action means controlling a flow of probability. So in walking first the probability of right foot forward rises to 1 (and the right foot does go forward (an observation)) and then the probability begins to flow to left foot forward and so on. These flows of probability are governed by potentials established by our walking control mechanism.

Friday 24 October 2008

6. The statistics of a quantum mechanical source obey the same constraints as the statistics of a communication source. Khinchin

Südhof Nature 455:903

'The input=output properties of a neural circuit depend on both its patterns of synaptic connectivity (referred to as its wiring diagram) and the diverse properties of individual synapses in the circuit. The pattern of connectivity in a circuit is no more important that the properties of the individual synapses comprising the circuit. Use-dependent changes in synaptic strength (that is synaptic plasticity) can completely alter the relative contributions of different synapses in a circuit, thereby sometimes even reversing its input-output properties as a

[page 135]

function of previous use without a change in the wiring diagram.' Südhof

We might imagine the weights of the synapses on a neuron as elements of a normalized Hamiltonian, the increase in some weights being compensates by the decrease in the weights of others, so changing the meaning of the firing threshold of the neuron in question. Because some synapses are excitatory and some inhibitory, these weights are a vector quantity which might be represented by complex numbers.

Let us assume that spooky action at a distance implies that we must give up 'locality' and assume that quantum mechanics operates 'outside' or is logically prior to space. The velocity of light, error free transmission of messages and causality all come into existence together as phenomena emergent from a world which is so undifferentiated and so simple that the concept of error has no meaning, a maximum entropy world in which all events are equally probable and equally meaningful (or meaningless).

As a nation, the US has hit rock bottom, ruled by a common criminal, it has come to resemble him in its dealings with the world. A hypocritical, self-serving nation, without honour, untrustworthy and violent.

Dark matter couples only to gravitation, by definition? No electromagnetism. What about strong and weak?

Saturday 25 October 2008

Hopefully continue my hopeless task. There is the data glittering on the water as little creatures make ripples in the sunlight. And the feeling in my heart that human cards, properly played, could

[page 136]

make life divine. Unlimited solar energy is the key, together with total recycling and information richness, as I saw long ago . . .

The fiscal crisis and quantum mechanical tunnelling. You give me value and I must pay it back or the system collapses, ie the event does not happen, I do not get to keep my house, etc.

DEBT - UNCERTAINTY

PHASE CHANGE - CHANGE OF COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL.

Self love comes first. It is every entity for itself. Cooperation arises when it serves self-interest better than non-cooperation. Cooperation also opens the door to cheating and (in human terms) criminality. These nay be seen as errors in a cooperative system (eg cancer) and so an error correcting system is necessary to preserve the commonwealth.

As long as we are operating on false concepts of our nature and our place in the life of the Universe, and such concepts are very common, we will encounter difficulties and contradictions in our live.

Another day of kaleidoscopic thought, action and experience and always Thomas' old question: quid est hoc quod est esse? What does it mean to be? To be a source, a recipient of input from the Universe, that is god, and a giver of output to the Universe, a person in the life of god, small and short lived in the overall system, but part of the whole nevertheless.

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Revealing Vatican attempts to propagate its religion by international treaty


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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Barnes, Peter, Capitalism 3.0: A Guide to Reclaiming the Commons, Berrett-Koehler Publishers 2006 Amazon Editorial Reviews Book Description 'In Capitalism 3.0, Peter Barnes redefines the debate about the costs and benefits of the operating system known as the free market. Despite clunky features, early versions of capitalism were somewhat successful. The current model, however, is packed with proprietary features that benefit a lucky few while threatening to crash the system for everyone else. Far from being "free," the market is accessible only to huge corporations that reap the benefits while passing the costs on to the consumer. Barnes maps out a better way. Drawn from his own career as a highly successful entrepreneur, the author's vision of capitalism includes alternatives to the current profit-driven corporate approach, new legal entities, and a more responsible use of markets and property rights. Capitalism 3.0 offers viable solutions to some of the country’s most pressing economic, environmental, and social concerns.' 
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Feynman, Richard, QED: The Strange Story of Light and Matter, Princeton UP 1988 Jacket: 'Quantum electrodynamics - or QED for short - is the 'strange theory' that explains how light and electrons interact. Thanks to Richard Feynmann and his colleagues, it is also one of the rare parts of physics that is known for sure, a theory that has stood the test of time. ... In this beautifully lucid set of lectures he provides a definitive introduction to QED.' 
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Khinchin, A I, Mathematical Foundations of Information Theory (translated by P A Silvermann and M D Friedman), Dover 1957 Jacket: 'The first comprehensive introduction to information theory, this book places the work begun by Shannon and continued by McMillan, Feinstein and Khinchin on a rigorous mathematical basis. For the first time, mathematicians, statisticians, physicists, cyberneticists and communications engineers are offered a lucid, comprehensive introduction to this rapidly growing field.' 
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Richtmeyer, F K, and E H Kennard, T Lauritsen, Introduction to Modern Physics, McGraw Hill Book Company 1955 Preface to first edition (1928): 'The purpose of this book is, frankly, pedagogical. The author has attempted to present such a discussion of the origin, development, and present status of some of the more important concepts of physics, classical as well as modern, as will give to the student a correct perspective of the growth and present trend of physics as a whole. . . . 'back
Veltman, Martinus, Diagrammatica: The Path to the Feynman Rules, Cambridge University Press 1994 Jacket: 'This book provides an easily accessible introduction to quantum field theory via Feynman rules and calculations in particle physics. The aim is to make clear what the physical foundations of present-day field theory are, to clarify the physical content of Feynman rules, and to outline their domain of applicability. ... The book includes valuable appendices that review some essential mathematics, including complex spaces, matrices, the CBH equation, traces and dimensional regularization. ...' 
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Wolfe, Tom, The Painted Word, Picador978-0312427580 2008 Amazon Review: 'Amazon.com Review In 1975, after having put radical chic and '60s counterculture to the satirical torch, Tom Wolfe turned his attention to the contemporary art world. The patron saint (and resident imp) of New Journalism couldn't have asked for a better subject. Here was a hotbed of pretension, nitwit theorizing, social climbing, and money, money, money--all Wolfe had to do was sharpen his tools and get to work. He did! Much of The Painted Word is a superb burlesque on that modern mating ritual whereby artists get to despise their middle-class audience and accommodate it at the same time. The painter, Wolfe writes, "had to dedicate himself to the quirky god Avant-Garde. He had to keep one devout eye peeled for the new edge on the blade of the wedge of the head on the latest pick thrust of the newest exploratory probe of this fall's avant-garde Breakthrough of the Century.... At the same time he had to keep his other eye cocked to see if anyone in le monde was watching." The other bone Wolfe has to pick is with the proliferation of art theory, particularly the sort purveyed by postwar colossi like Harold Rosenberg, Clement Greenberg, and Leo Steinberg. Decades after the heyday of abstract expressionism, these guys make pretty easy targets. What could be more absurd, after all, than endless Jesuitical disputes about the flatness of the picture plane? So most of them get a highly comical spanking from the author. It's worth pointing out, of course, that Wolfe paints with a broad (as it were) brush. If he's skewering the entire army of artistic pretenders in a single go, there's no room to admit that Jasper Johns or Willem DeKooning might actually have some talent. But as he would no doubt admit, The Painted Word isn't about the history of art. It's about the history of taste and middlebrow acquisition--and nobody has chronicled these two topics as hilariously or accurately as Tom Wolfe.' --James Marcus 
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Papers
DeLisi, Charles, "Meetings that changed the world: Santa Fe 1986: Human genome baby-steps", Nature, 455, 5, 16 October 2008, page 876-877. 'The 1980s saw plenty of discussion on sequencing the human genome. But, according to Charles DeLisi, one conference was crucial for converting an idea to reality.'. back
Hetherington, Alistair M, F Ian Woodward, "The role of stomata in sening and driving environmetnal change", Nature, 424, 6951, 21 August 2003, page 901-908. 'Stomata, the small pores on the surfaces of leaves and stalks, regulate the flow of gases in and out of leaves and thus plants as a whole. They adapt to local and global changes on all timescales from minutes to millennia. Recent data from diverse fields are establishing their central importance to plant physiology, evolution and global ecology. Stomatal morphology, distribution and behaviour respond to a spectrum of signals, from intracellular signalling to global clmatic change. Such concerted adaptation results from a web of control systems, reminscent of a 'scale free' network, whose untangling requires integrated approaches beyond those currently used.'. back
Mann, Nicholas H, et al, "Bacterial photosynthesis genes in a virus", Nature, 424, 6950, 14 August 2003, page 741. 'A bacteriophage may protect itself and its host against a deadly effect of bright sunlight.'. back
McDonough, William F, "Earth science: Deducing a reducing mantle", Nature, 455, , 16 October 2008, page 881-883. 'Increasingly sophisticated techniques are being used to persuade ancient rocks to yield information about conditions on and in the early Earth — for instance, about the oxidation state of the mantle. They say that a picture is worth a thousand words. In science, one datum point can be worth a thousand models. On page 960 of this issue, Berry et al.1 report the first results obtained by applying a new approach to estimating the oxidation–reduction (redox) condition of Earth's upper mantle during the Archaean, some 2,700 million years ago. Their study is based on the ratio of different oxidized states of iron (Fe3+ to Fe2+) in inclusions of ancient komatiite rock, trapped in crystals preserved in ancient lava flows in Zimbabwe. The crystals should have protected the inclusions from subsequent alteration, which should thus reflect the native lava state.'. back
Südhof, Thomas C, "Neuroligins and neurexins link synaptic function to cognitive isease", Nature, 455, 7215, 16 October 2008, page 903-911. 'The brain processes information by transmitting signals at synapses, which connect neurons into vast networks of communicating cells. In these networks, synapses not only transmit signals but also transform and refine them. Neurexins and neuroligins are synaptic cell-adhesion molecules that connect presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons at synapses, mediate signalling across the synapse, and shape the properties of neural networks by specifying synaptic functions. In humans, alterations in genes encoding neurexins or neuroligins have recently been implicated in autism and other cognitive diseases, linking synaptic cell adhesion to cognition and its disorders.' . back
Links
Dark matter - Wikipedia Dark matter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In physics and cosmology, dark matter is hypothetical matter that does not interact with the electromagnetic force, but whose presence can be inferred from gravitational effects on visible matter. According to present observations of structures larger than galaxies, as well as Big Bang cosmology, dark matter and dark energy account for the vast majority of the mass in the observable Universe.' back
Feynman diagram - Wikipedia Feynman diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 'In quantum field theory a Feynman diagram is an intuitive graphical representation of a contribution to the transition amplitude or correlation function of a quantum mechanical or statistical field theory' back
Jessica Irvine Hit of the Keynes will do us good - Opinion - smh.com.lau 'The British economist John Maynard Keynes once delivered a beautiful one-liner about facing cold, hard reality. "When the facts change, I change my mind." When it comes to the federal budget, those words could have been uttered by our Prime Minister, Kevin Rudd, yesterday. After months of solemn talk about the need to scrimp and save to bolster the budget surplus, the Government has cracked open the piggy bank and money is flying out the door as quickly as possible to arrest the economy's slide.' back
SLAC Theory: Feynman Diagrams (SLAC VVC) 'Richard Feynman was the physicist who developed the method still used today to calculate rates for electromagnetic and weak interaction particle processes. The diagrams he introduced provide a convenient shorthand for the calculations. They are a code physicists use to talk to one another about their calculations.' back
Wikipedia Public Key Cryptography 'Public-key cryptography is a form of modern cryptography which allows users to communicate securely without previously agreeing on a shared secret key. For most of the history of cryptography, a key had to be kept absolutely secret and would be agreed upon beforehand using a secure, but non-cryptographic, method; for example, a face-to-face meeting or a trusted courier. There are a number of significant practical difficulties in this approach to distributing keys. Public-key cryptography was invented to address these drawbacks — with public-key cryptography, users can communicate securely over an insecure channel without having to agree upon a key beforehand.' back

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