natural theology

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Notes

Sunday 22 August 2021 - Saturday 28 August 2021

[Notebook: DB 87: Cognitive Cosmology from DB 86: Hilbert / Minkowski]

[page 1]

Sunday 22 August 2021

My ancient principle of symmetry with respect to complexity, born from Cantor, suggests to me that constructing the universe is simpler than constructing myself, and although I like to think I regret nothing (apart from my not devoting more attention to becoming wealthy) I have to admit to a lot of dead ends and changes of course that seem to be inevitable in evolution into the unknown. Looking back on my life, however, I can see how one thing led to another and so my aim in a way is to create a series of steps through which an initial singularity can become a universe taking clues from the Hawking and Ellis idea that the evolution of the universe is a black hole running backwards. My first conclusion from this is that gravitation is the primary feature of the universe to be described by a continuous group which gradually develops the fixed points which are the world we see, rather like the egg which has multiplied and differentiated itself up to me. A great plan, but I do not know enough to implement it so I go on as I always have nibbling forward by incremental steps, the image of evolution.

One might guess that the widest bandwidth in human life is the internal one which processes the vast input from external and internal senses to arrive at bodily motions appropriate to the current circumstances which may range from violent outbursts to ironic smiles, and we may guess at the same ratio of internal processing to output in the universe as a whole as demonstrated by the phenomenon we call the collapse of the wave function. From a network point of view we find that random conditions, as on the internet occasionally harden into permanent linkages, analogous to the processing of people meeting and occasionally dealing with one another. So we look inside the initial singularity and see a network, on a very small scale, analogous to general relativity, Lie groups and Yang-Mills theory. What we have to get rid of in order to make these ideas comprehensible is artificial infinities and the conjugate artificial processes of regularization and renormalization. Wave function collapse - Wikipedia

So we might say love is unlimited bandwidth, unresolved continuity.

[page 2]

Novelists and physicists are both concerned with discerning the inner processes of particles at different scales.

Gravitation is nonlinear and therefore creative. Quantum theory and superposition are linear and not creative but when two quantum systems meet non-linearity sets in and, as von Neumann says, particles are created and entropy increases. John von Neumann (2014): Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics Chapter 5

One may see the interior of a quantum of action as a black hole, a structureless space of action. Why does Hawking think that all the entropy of a black hole exists on the horizon? Black hole thermodynamics - Wikipedia, Holographic principle - Wikipedia

We can describe continuity in logical terms (information terms) as an unmodulated signal (but what does unmodulated mean?) In quantum mechanical terms a delocalized plane wave. .

I am sad because I am too lazy to nut out the four or more indices in a tensor equation (although I could do it when writing software) but on the other hand my campaign for simplicity requires that I seek to express physical truth with a minimum of detail = algorithmic information [ the algorithm for an unmodulated wave being simply ei θ ] continuity is the opposite of no cloning, like the quantum of action.

Elizabeth von Arnim: April Chapter 16: 'It would be as abject as begging the very microbe that was infecting one for protection against its disease [which is what the immune system does] '. Elizabeth von Arnim: The Enchanted April

Energy corresponds to volume E = F.s = pressure x area x distance = PV. How does this relate to the creative pressure within a quantum of action? Wilczek 'well tempered equation', ρ = -p/c2 Frank Wilczek (2008): The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces, page 107

Monday 23 August 2021

Do we have a fallback position if my physical fantasies do not

[page 3]

pay off? The basic idea is that the universe is divine because it touches the bounds of consistency and like god could not be other wise. It touches the bound of possibility because of its inherent randomness as a consequence of Gödel and Turing's theorems so that no [sufficiently large] system can be deterministically controlled as the ancient theology of god demands. We then go on explore the physical consequences of these discoveries. I would like to think that the transfinite network describes this, and would like to see the transfinite network in Hilbert space where the superposition of two quantum states leads to the appearance of a new state in the Minkowski space version of the transfinite network. This would be a backbone for cognitive cosmology. The idea now is to stop panicking that my whole idea is a failure and seek to develop it step by step.

More Ballet. How did we get from the initial singularity to here? Imagination moulded by consistency. Physical consistency is an absolute constraint, leading in a binary was to annihilation of inconsistency. By the time we get to ballet we are in a high transfinite cardinal which is the foundation of the next greatest cardinal, the permutation of all possible elements of music and dance to create the space of all possible ballets, in this case Tchaikovsky's Sleeping Beauty, [whose structure is selected on aesthetic grounds although physics determines what is possible for the dancers and the players].

Does continuous arithmetic make sense, or can only discrete and rational computations be trusted and implemented without error as demanded by Shannon's proof? In other words, is 'true' continuity an illusion [eg maybe the epsilon-delta definition of continuity is circular]. (ε, δ)-definition of limit - Wikipedia

First comes the formal construction of literature, mathematics, score, libretto and then the action. Science tries to 'reverse engineer' this creative process, beginning from the observable action and working back to the source of action, aka god.

Action is not energy or horsepower, but a logical entity which can be split into time and energy to give process. We think of the universe in terms of stars, supernovas and black holes but all these things are simply spacetime manifestations of logical process

[page 4]

represented in ballet by the music and in the universe by the network of communicating and computing action described by quantum theory, since every event, no matter how large, comprises atomic quanta of action.

Energy ↔ physics, action ↔ logic.

Quantum mechanics music; classical physics dance.

Dance - fermions / quantum mechanics - superposition - bosons

All the dancers may make different moves to the same music manifesting different eigenvalues of their measurement operators which are resonating to different eigenvectors in the music.

Music serves as the set of bosons joining musicians to the dancers, the fermions, spatially extended. This is analogous to the physical world where the music is transmitted through space at c.

parallel (fermionic) ↔ serial / sequential ↔ Parallel (fermionic)

The best thing about music is the way discrete notes fit together to make a continuous modulated flow. A continuum is the dual of a quantum of action, the limit of contra- and covariance.

Tuesday 24 August 2021

Oozing toward a solution, rather like a jigsaw, first the corners then the sides and then slowly fill in the middle. Reading Pais on Einstein's path toward gravitation page 247: 'thus, early in 1914, just 50 years after Maxwell's first attempt at a gravitation field theory Einstein was not yet quite there, but he was closing in. . . . it took him another two years before he had the final answer . . . '. Abraham Pais (1982): Subtle is the Lord; The Science and Life of Albert Einstein

Pais page 243: Einstein: 'We have no means of distinguishing a "centrifugal field" from a gravitational field [and therefore] we may consider the centrifugal field to be a gravitational field.' Spinning around corners. Gravitation is a result of motion in a confined space [inside god?].

'According to our theory there are no independent qualities of space' [it is a 'pure' symmetry?].

Meaning arises through contact (Aristotle superposition, ends in common). Three dimensional space is required for private contact and therefore distinction. Aristotle (continuity): Physics, V, iii

Every dimension of Hilbert space is a note which may be a superposition of many other overtones and undertones which are orthogonal dimensions of a Hilbert space, so much of quantum mechanics is very close to accoustics. Do atoms and molecules dance as gracefully as people [or are they digital and jerky?]. And where would we be without centrifugal forces and spinning stunts?

Can we imagine music resonating within the initial singularity [ie Hilbert space formed as a fixed point within the singularity?].

Wednesday 25 August 2021

Charlie Watts Dies, Rolling Stones Paint it Black Rolling Stones

Quantum theory: the world thinking. Insight ≡ observation ≡ selection ≡ 'collapse' of the possibilities – when the roulette wheel stops.

Le Brio Le Brio - Wikipedia

Disobedience Disobedience (2017 film) - Wikipedia

Thursday 26 August 2021

All the states of a [quantum] spinning die have ephemeral existence except the fixed point when it comes to rest on the [quantum] table.

[page 6]

Creating: Shapes emerging in the mist not as though they were already there but as though the mist forms into them, like raindrops in a cloud.

Friday 27 August 2021

We see the initial singularity as a real particle with nothing outside it, unbounded in a way from the outside because as Einstein saw, we cannot stand outside it and look at it as god cannot stand outside itself and look because it is all that there is. God's life and our lives are inside the system bounded by the principle of contradiction, the fundamental axiom of mathematics, realized by the ontological application that says that local contradictions not only cannot but do not exist.

This situation places a stress on my imagination which first became apparent to me as I pounded the cloisters in Camberwell, Wahroonga and Dixon trying to understand Aquinas treatment of the trinity, and these ideas have now become a recurring theme in my attempts to understand the evolution of the universe within the initial singularity, going from trinity to transfinity. I produced a classical interpretation of this idea in my 2019 Honours thesis and I am still trying to work out how the quantum mechanical layers that fits beneath the classical layer works. The first step, which has taken me much of this year, is to recognise that in broadest terms Hilbert space is both independent of and the source of Minkowski space. The next step takes us into the realm of quantum field theory and the application of measurement as an ontological rather than just a scientific feature of the creation of the universe. This is the point at which I currently stand in the development of a cognitive cosmology. I have been taking a rest for a few days but now I have got my breath back and am ready for the next phase of the climb.

The foundation of cognitive cosmology is the relationship

[page 7]

between human insight or understanding covered at length (but in a Thomistic partisan manner) in Lonergan's book Insight which derives from his work on the concept of Verbum in Aquinas, and the increase in entropy (that is creation) in von Neumann's treatment if observation in quantum theory. This leads us to think that intelligence is a property of a network, and in particular the random element of a quantum network that enables it to select matching eigenfunctions from two [quantum] systems when they meet to give a real particle and increased entropy as outcome. Bernard Lonergan (1992): Insight: A Study of Human Understanding, Lonergan (1997): Verbum : Word and Idea in Aquinas

Saturday 28 August 2020

Achey body → flu despite inoculation. So hide in my bed, keep warm, think productive thoughts (over which unfortunately I have no control but maybe a bit of disease widens my search areas by reducing control).

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Further reading

Books

Cantor, Georg, Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers (Translated, with Introduction and Notes by Philip E B Jourdain), Dover 1895, 1897, 1955 Jacket: 'One of the greatest mathematical classics of all time, this work established a new field of mathematics which was to be of incalculable importance in topology, number theory, analysis, theory of functions, etc, as well as the entire field of modern logic.' 
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Cercignani, Carlo, Ludwig Boltzmann: The Man Who Trusted Atoms, Oxford University Press, USA 2006 'Cercignani provides a stimulating biography of a great scientist. Boltzmann's greatness is difficult to state, but the fact that the author is still actively engaged in research into some of the finer, as yet unresolved issues provoked by Boltzmann's work is a measure of just how far ahead of his time Boltzmann was. It is also tragic to read of Boltzmann's persecution by his contemporaries, the energeticists, who regarded atoms as a convenient hypothesis, but not as having a definite existence. Boltzmann felt that atoms were real and this motivated much of his research. How Boltzmann would have laughed if he could have seen present-day scanning tunnelling microscopy images, which resolve the atomic structure at surfaces! If only all scientists would learn from Boltzmann's life story that it is bad for science to persecute someone whose views you do not share but cannot disprove. One surprising fact I learned from this book was how research into thermodynamics and statistical mechanics led to the beginnings of quantum theory (such as Planck's distribution law, and Einstein's theory of specific heat). Lecture notes by Boltzmann also seem to have influenced Einstein's construction of special relativity. Cercignani's familiarity with Boltzmann's work at the research level will probably set this above other biographies of Boltzmann for a very long time to come.' Dr David J Bottomley  
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Cercignani (2006), Carlo, Ludwig Boltzmann: The Man Who Trusted Atoms, Oxford University Press, USA 2006 'Cercignani provides a stimulating biography of a great scientist. Boltzmann's greatness is difficult to state, but the fact that the author is still actively engaged in research into some of the finer, as yet unresolved issues provoked by Boltzmann's work is a measure of just how far ahead of his time Boltzmann was. It is also tragic to read of Boltzmann's persecution by his contemporaries, the energeticists, who regarded atoms as a convenient hypothesis, but not as having a definite existence. Boltzmann felt that atoms were real and this motivated much of his research. How Boltzmann would have laughed if he could have seen present-day scanning tunnelling microscopy images, which resolve the atomic structure at surfaces! If only all scientists would learn from Boltzmann's life story that it is bad for science to persecute someone whose views you do not share but cannot disprove. One surprising fact I learned from this book was how research into thermodynamics and statistical mechanics led to the beginnings of quantum theory (such as Planck's distribution law, and Einstein's theory of specific heat). Lecture notes by Boltzmann also seem to have influenced Einstein's construction of special relativity. Cercignani's familiarity with Boltzmann's work at the research level will probably set this above other biographies of Boltzmann for a very long time to come.' Dr David J Bottomley  
Amazon
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Christie, Agatha, The Clocks, HarperCollins Publishers Canada 1988 Amazon costomer review: 'The first time I read this novel, I had to reread it again. Why? So many questions still linger at the end of the story even though the pages has ended. I wondered and reread and after the third reading, I finally got it all. The Clocks is a story that has two main plots, and the one has absolutely nothing to do with the other. But they were connected in a way when a young typist finds a dead body in a livingroom of a blind woman. From there it's red herring all the way. But bits of real clues emerge when Mr Lamb (a fake name) talks to a girl with a broken leg. Poirot only comes in now and then but became more interested when another murder occurs, while Lamb becomes Poirot's legs, ears and eyes. Oh yes, there are clues aplenty, but a broken high heel has never been this important as a clue. Christie delivers this story with delightful take that neither too wordy nor too lengthy. This is another often neglected classic Christie, so get it. madonluv 
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Christie, Agatha, Dead Man's Mirror, Bantam Books 1988 Amazon customer review:'This book follows the same old Agatha Christie/Hercule Poirot formula. And, like macaroni & cheese or mashed potatoes, I found this murder mystery comforting and delightful in its familiarity. A collection of relatives and friends gather at a country house, and their dominating and idosyncratic host commits suicide ... or does he? Fortunately, shortly before the fatal shot was fired, the dead man had the foresight to invite Hercule Poirot for a visit. Thank goodness he is there to unravel things, as only he can! If you are looking for a by-the-book fact and/or forensic based mystery, like those by Cornwell or Grafton or Paretsky, you'll be disappointed. But if you're looking for evocative mood, wit and charm, you'll enjoy yourself.' 
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Debray, Regis, God, An Itinerary, Verso 2004 Amazon Product Description 'God, who has changed the lives—and deaths—of men and women, has in turn changed His face and His meaning several times over since His birth three thousand years ago. He may have kept the same name throughout, but God has been addressed in many different ways and cannot be said to have the same characteristics in the year 500 BC as in AD 400 or in the twenty-first century, nor is He the same entity in Jerusalem or Constantinople as in Rome or New York. The omnipotent and punitive God of the Hebrews is not the consoling and intimate God of the Christians, and is certainly not identical with the impersonal cosmic Energy of the New Agers.

Régis Debray's purpose in this major new book is to trace the episodes of the genesis of God, His itinerary and the costs of His survival. Debray shifts the spotlight away from the theological foreground and moves it backstage to the machinery of divine production by going back, from the Law, to the Tablets themselves and by scrutinizing Heaven at its most down-to-earth. Throughout this beautifully illustrated book, he is able to focus his attention not just on what was written, but on how it was written: with what tools, on what surface, for what social purpose and in what physical environment. Debray contends that, in order to discover how God's fire was transferred from the desert to the prairie, we ought first to bracket the philosophical questions and focus on empirical information. However, he claims that this does not lessen its significance, but rather gives new life to spiritual issues. God: An Itinerary uses the histories of the Eternal and of the West to illuminate one another and to throw light on contemporary civilization itself. 50 b/w illustrations.'  
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Euripides, and Philip Vellacott, Three Plays: Alcestis, Hipplolytus, Iphigenia in Taurus, Penguin Classics 1974 Amazon Product Description 'One of the greatest playwrights of Ancient Greece, the works of Euripides (484 406 BC) were revolutionary in their depiction of tragic events caused by flawed humanity, and in their use of the gods as symbols of human nature. The three plays in this collection show his abilities as the sceptical questioner of his age. Alcestis, an early drama, tells the tale of a queen who offers her own life in exchange for that of her husband; cast as a tragedy, it contains passages of satire and comedy. The tragicomedy Iphigenia in Tauris melodramatically reunites the ill-fated children of Agamemnon, while the pure tragedy of Hippolytus shows the fatal impact of Phaedra's unreasoning passion for her chaste stepson. All three plays explore a deep gulf that separates man from woman, and all depict a world dominated by amoral forces beyond human control.' 
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Fowles, John, The Magus, Back Bay Books: Little Brown and Co 2001 Product Description 'At the novels center is Nicholas Urfe, a young Englishman who accepts a teaching position on a remote Greek island. There he befriends a local millionaire, but the friendship soon evolves into a deadly game and Nicholas finds that he must fight not only for his sanity but for his very survival.' 
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Hofstadter, Douglas R, Goedel Escher Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, Basic/Harvester 1979 An illustrated essay on the philosophy of mathematics. Formal systems, recursion, self reference and meaning explored with a dazzling array of examples in music, dialogue, text and graphics. 
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Homer, and Bernard King (introduction) Robert Fagles (translator), The Iliad, Penguin Classic 1998 Amazon From Library Journal 'Why another Iliad? Just as Homer's work existed most fully in its performance, so the Homeric texts call periodically for new translations. With this in mind, Fagles offers a new verse rendering of the Iliad. Maneuvering between the literal and the literary, he tries with varying degrees of success to suggest the vigor and manner of the original while producing readable poetry in English. Thus, he avoids the anachronizing of Robert Fitzgerald's translation, while being more literal than Richard Lattimore's. Fagles's efforts are accompanied by a long and penetrating introduction by Bernard Knox, coupled with detailed glossary and textual notes.' - T.L. Cooksey, Armstrong State Coll., Savannah, Ga. 
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Jackson, Roger, and Roger Makransky (editor), Buddhist Theology: Critical reflections by contemporary Buddhist Scholars, Curzon Press 1999 Jacket: 'This volume is the expression of a new development in the academic study of Buddhism: scholars of Buddhism, themselves Buddhist, who seek to apply the critical tools of the academy to reassess the truth and transformative value of their tradition in its relevance to the modern world.' 
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Jech, Thomas, Set Theory, Springer 1997 Jacket: 'This book covers major areas of modern set theory: cardinal arithmetic, constructible sets, forcing and Boolean-valued models, large cardinals and descriptive set theory. . . . It can be used as a textbook for a graduate course in set theory and can serve as a reference book.' 
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Lifton, Robert Jay, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: a study of 'brainwashing' in China, 1989 Jacket: 'Brainwashing has often been described in sensational terms; but Dr Lifton's painstaking investigation of Thought Reform is based on psychological studies (with follow up interviews) of Western civilians and Chinese intellectuals who underwent the process in a variety of prisons, universities and other settings."  
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Lonergan (1992), Bernard J F, Insight: A Study of Human Understanding (Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan : Volume 3), University of Toronto Press 1992 '. . . Bernard Lonergan's masterwork. Its aim is nothing less than insight into insight itself, an understanding of understanding' 
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Lonergan (1997), Bernard J F, and Robert M. Doran, Frederick E. Crowe (eds), Verbum : Word and Idea in Aquinas (Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan volume 2), University of Toronto Press 1997 Jacket: 'Verbum is a product of Lonergan's eleven years of study of the thought of Thomas Aquinas. The work is considered by many to be a breakthrough in the history of Lonergan's theology . . .. Here he interprets aspects in the writing of Aquinas relevant to trinitarian theory and, as in most of Lonergan's work, one of the principal aims is to assist the reader in the search to understand the workings of the human mind.' 
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McGrath, Alistair, Heresy: A History of Defending the Truth, HarperOne 2009 Amazon review from Booklist: 'Historian and theologian McGrath believes that heresy has become fashionable. More than that, contemporary Western society considers it radical and innovative, perhaps even cool. This attitudinal change he sees reflected by the renewed surge of interest in atheism and especially by the popularity of the so-called new atheists Sam Harris, Daniel C. Dennett, Richard Dawkins, and Christopher Hitchens and their best-selling antireligious books. McGrath studies the complicated relations between heresy, orthodoxy, and power, and discusses the unprecedented popularity of Dan Brown’s The Da Vinci Code (2003), placing the novel in the context of a postmodern suspicion of power and the Catholic Church, in particular. He explains the nature of faith, the origins of the idea of heresy, and the diverse roots of Christian heresy from its earliest forms (Ebionitism, Docetism, Valentinianism) to its later, classic formulations (Arianism, Donatism, Pelagianism). Also, he inspects the cultural and intellectual motivations for the existence of heresy. A penetrating examination by an intellectual powerhouse.' --June Sawyers 
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Miles, Jack, God: A Biography, Vintage Books 1996 Jacket: 'Jack Miles's remarkable work examines the hero of the Old Testament . . . from his first appearance as Creator to his last as Ancient of Days. . . . We see God torn by conflicting urges. To his own sorrow, he is by turns destructive and creative, vain and modest, subtle and naive, ruthless and tender, lawful and lawless, powerful yet powerless, omniscient and blind.' 
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Newman, John Henry, An Essay on the Development of Chritian Doctrine, Cosimo Classics 2007 Jacket: 'Still considered essential reading for serious thinkers on religion more than a century and a half after it was written, this seminal work of modern theology, first published in 1845, presents a history of Catholic doctrine from the days of the Apostles to the time of its writing, and follows with specific examples of how the doctrine has not only survived corruption but grown stronger through defending itself against it, and is, therefore, the true religion. This classic of Christian apologetics, considered a foundational work of 19th-century intellectualism on par with Darwin's Origin of Species, is must reading not only for the faithful but also for anyone who wishes to be well educated in the fundamentals of modern thought. ' 
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Pais (1982), Abraham, 'Subtle is the Lord...': The Science and Life of Albert Einstein, Oxford UP 1982 Jacket: In this . . . major work Abraham Pais, himself an eminent physicist who worked alongside Einstein in the post-war years, traces the development of Einstein's entire ouvre. . . . Running through the book is a completely non-scientific biography . . . including many letters which appear in English for the first time, as well as other information not published before.' [Raffiniert ist der Herr Gott, aber boshaft is er nicht] 
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Veltman, Martinus, Diagrammatica: The Path to the Feynman Rules, Cambridge University Press 1994 Jacket: 'This book provides an easily accessible introduction to quantum field theory via Feynman rules and calculations in particle physics. The aim is to make clear what the physical foundations of present-day field theory are, to clarify the physical content of Feynman rules, and to outline their domain of applicability. ... The book includes valuable appendices that review some essential mathematics, including complex spaces, matrices, the CBH equation, traces and dimensional regularization. ...' 
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Wilczek (2008), Frank, The Lightness of Being: Mass, Ether, and the Unification of Forces, Basic Books 2008 ' In this excursion to the outer limits of particle physics, Wilczek explores what quarks and gluons, which compose protons and neutrons, reveal about the manifestation of mass and gravity. A corecipient of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics, Wilczek knows what he’s writing about; the question is, will general science readers? Happily, they know what the strong interaction is (the forces that bind the nucleus), and in Wilczek, they have a jovial guide who adheres to trade publishing’s belief that a successful physics title will not include too many equations. Despite this injunction (against which he lightly protests), Wilczek delivers an approachable verbal picture of what quarks and gluons are doing inside a proton that gives rise to mass and, hence, gravity. Casting the light-speed lives of quarks against “the Grid,” Wilczek’s term for the vacuum that theoretically seethes with quantum activity, Wilczek exudes a contagious excitement for discovery. A near-obligatory acquisition for circulating physics collections.' --Gilbert Taylor  
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Wolfe, Tom, The Pump House Gang, Bantam 1969 Amazon Product Description 'The Pump House Gang: The definitive, super-charged chronicle of today's life styles by America's foremost "pop journalist".' Time 
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Links

Adam Brumm et al, Who were the Toaleans? Ancient woman’s DNA provides first evidence for the origin of a mysterious lost culture, ' In 2015, archaeologists from the University of Hasanuddin in Makassar, on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, uncovered the skeleton of a woman buried in a limestone cave. Studies revealed the person from Leang Panninge, or “Bat Cave”, was 17 or 18 years old when she died some 7,200 years ago. . . . Our team found ancient DNA that survived inside the inner ear bone of Bessé’, furnishing us with the first direct genetic evidence of the Toaleans. This is also the first time ancient human DNA has been reported from Wallacea, the vast group of islands between Borneo and New Guinea, of which Sulawesi is the largest.' back

Aquinas Summa: I, 83, 1, Whether man has free will, '. . . But man acts from judgment, because by his apprehensive power he judges that something should be avoided or sought. But because this judgment, in the case of some particular act, is not from a natural instinct, but from some act of comparison in the reason, therefore he acts from free judgment and retains the power of being inclined to various things. For reason in contingent matters may follow opposite courses, as we see in dialectic syllogisms and rhetorical arguments. Now particular operations are contingent, and therefore in such matters the judgment of reason may follow opposite courses, and is not determinate to one. And forasmuch as man is rational is it necessary that man have a free-will.' back

Aquinas 391, Article 3: Whether there is an active intellect?, 'I answer that, According to the opinion of Plato, there is no need for an active intellect in order to make things actually intelligible; but perhaps in order to provide intellectual light to the intellect, as will be explained farther on (4). For Plato supposed that the forms of natural things subsisted apart from matter, and consequently that they are intelligible: since a thing is actually intelligible from the very fact that it is immaterial. And he called such forms "species or ideas"; from a participation of which, he said that even corporeal matter was formed, in order that individuals might be naturally established in their proper genera and species: and that our intellect was formed by such participation in order to have knowledge of the genera and species of things. But since Aristotle did not allow that forms of natural things exist apart from matter, and as forms existing in matter are not actually intelligible; it follows that the natures of forms of the sensible things which we understand are not actually intelligible. Now nothing is reduced from potentiality to act except by something in act; as the senses as made actual by what is actually sensible. We must therefore assign on the part of the intellect some power to make things actually intelligible, by abstraction of the species from material conditions. And such is the necessity for an active intellect.' back

Aquinas 412, Article 1: Whether man has free will, '. . . But man acts from judgment, because by his apprehensive power he judges that something should be avoided or sought. But because this judgment, in the case of some particular act, is not from a natural instinct, but from some act of comparison in the reason, therefore he acts from free judgment and retains the power of being inclined to various things. For reason in contingent matters may follow opposite courses, as we see in dialectic syllogisms and rhetorical arguments. Now particular operations are contingent, and therefore in such matters the judgment of reason may follow opposite courses, and is not determinate to one. And forasmuch as man is rational is it necessary that man have a free-will.' back

Aristotle, Physics V, iii, , ' A thing that is in succession and touches is 'contiguous'. The 'continuous' is a subdivision of the contiguous: things are called continuous when the touching limits of each become one and the same and are, as the word implies, contained in each other: continuity is impossible if these extremities are two. This definition makes it plain that continuity belongs to things that naturally in virtue of their mutual contact form a unity. And in whatever way that which holds them together is one, so too will the whole be one, e.g. by a rivet or glue or contact or organic union. ' 227a10 sqq back

Aristotle (continuity), Physics V, iii, 'A thing that is in succession and touches is 'contiguous'. The 'continuous' is a subdivision of the contiguous: things are called continuous when the touching limits of each become one and the same and are, as the word implies, contained in each other: continuity is impossible if these extremities are two. This definition makes it plain that continuity belongs to things that naturally in virtue of their mutual contact form a unity. And in whatever way that which holds them together is one, so too will the whole be one, e.g. by a rivet or glue or contact or organic union. ' 227a10 sqq back

Black hole thermodynamics - Wikipedia, Black hole thermodynamics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In physics, black hole thermodynamics is the area of study that seeks to reconcile the laws of thermodynamics with the existence of black hole event horizons. Much as the study of the statistical mechanics of black body radiation led to the advent of the theory of quantum mechanics, the effort to understand the statistical mechanics of black holes has had a deep impact upon the understanding of quantum gravity, leading to the formulation of the holographic principle.' back

Crimea Platform, Joint Declaration of International Crimea Platform participants (FULL TEXT), ' JOINT DECLARATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMEA PLATFORM PARTICIPANTS The Participants in the International Crimea Platform, being guided by the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Paris Charter for a New Europe, as well as rules and principles of international law, including international human rights law and international humanitarian law, back

Disobedience (2017 film) - Wikipedia, Disobedience (2017 film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Disobedience is a 2017 romantic drama film directed by Sebastián Lelio and written by Lelio and Rebecca Lenkiewicz, based on the 2006 novel of the same name by Naomi Alderman. The film stars Rachel Weisz, Rachel McAdams, and Alessandro Nivola. Set in North London, it tells the story of a woman who returns to the strict Orthodox Jewish community for her father's funeral after living in New York for many years, having been estranged from her father and ostracised by the community for a reason that becomes clearer as the story unfolds.' back

Elizabeth von Arnim, The Enchanted April, ' It began in a Woman's Club in London on a February afternoon—an uncomfortable club, and a miserable afternoon—when Mrs. Wilkins, who had come down from Hampstead to shop and had lunched at her club, took up The Times from the table in the smoking-room, and running her listless eye down the Agony Column saw this: To Those Who Appreciate Wistaria and Sunshine. Small mediaeval Italian Castle on the shores of the Mediterranean to be Let furnished for the month of April. Necessary servants remain. Z, Box 1000, The Times. That was its conception; yet, as in the case of many another, the conceiver was unaware of it at the moment.' back

(ε, δ)-definition of limit - Wikipedia, (ε, δ)-definition of limit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In calculus, the (ε, δ)-definition of limit ("epsilon-delta definition of limit") is a formalization of the notion of limit. It was first given by Bernard Bolzano in 1817. Augustin-Louis Cauchy never gave an (ε, δ) definition of limit in his Cours d'Analyse, but occasionally used ε, δ arguments in proofs. The definitive modern statement was ultimately provided by Karl Weierstrass.' back

General covariance - Wikipedia, General covariance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, In theoretical physics, general covariance (also known as diffeomorphism covariance or general invariance) is the invariance of the form of physical laws under arbitrary differentiable coordinate transformations. The essential idea is that coordinates do not exist a priori in nature, but are only artifices used in describing nature, and hence should play no role in the formulation of fundamental physical laws.' back

George Monbiot, Who’s to blame for the Afghanistan chaos? Remember the war’s chttps://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/25/blame-afghanistan-war-media-interventionheerleaders, ' Any fair reckoning of what went wrong in Afghanistan, Iraq and the other nations swept up in the “war on terror” should include the disastrous performance of the media. Cheerleading for the war in Afghanistan was almost universal, and dissent was treated as intolerable. . . . The few journalists and public figures who dissented were added to the Telegraph’s daily list of “Osama bin Laden’s useful idiots”, accused of being “anti-American” and “pro-terrorism”, mocked, vilified and de-platformed almost everywhere. In the Independent, David Aaronovitch claimed that if you opposed the ongoing war, you were “indulging yourself in a cosmic whinge”. Everyone I know in the US and the UK who was attacked in the media for opposing the war received death threats.' back

Hamad Dabashi, The new and improved Taliban: The parting US gift to Afghanistan, ' Twenty years ago, the United States pretended it was going to Afghanistan to dismantle the Taliban, destroy al-Qaeda, and bring Afghans peace, prosperity, liberal democracy and rule of law. Above all, it acted as if it was invading Afghanistan to liberate Afghan women from their burqas and make them all look just like American women.
Predictably, it did not turn out that way. The US had no such intentions or capacities. Its intentions in Afghanistan, in fact, were purely military and strategic. It needed to flex its military, security and intelligence muscles near Russia, China, and Iran. For those purposes, the US invasion and occupation of Afghanistan has been a spectacular success. That it was a calamity for Afghanistan and its people is entirely irrelevant to American military strategists.' back

Holographic principle - Wikipedia, Holographic principle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' The holographic principle is a tenet of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region—such as a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon. First proposed by Gerard 't Hooft, it was given a precise string-theory interpretation by Leonard Susskind, who combined his ideas with previous ones of 't Hooft and Charles Thorn. As pointed out by Raphael Bousso, Thorn observed in 1978 that string theory admits a lower-dimensional description in which gravity emerges from it in what would now be called a holographic way. The prime example of holography is the AdS/CFT correspondence.' back

Illia Ponomarenko, Once mighty, Ukraine’s military is trying to rise from the ashes, ' The dawn of Ukraine’s independence in 1991 seemed like a promising start for its newly-created Armed Forces. The downfall of the Soviet Union left Ukraine with vast ground forces, air fleet, navy, and even a large nuclear stockpile at its disposal. The young nation found itself among the world’s strongest militaries. The path to regional leadership in Eastern Europe was very real. But it never came about. Economic and political troubles threw the Ukrainian military downhill at breakneck speed. Within a decade, the rampage of plundering and underfunding turned the Armed Forces into a gnawed skeleton, with a miserable officer corps looking for subsistence in civilian life. The country’s darkest hour came in 2014 when the disorganized nation found itself almost defenseless against Russia’s sudden invasion in Crimea and Donbas.' back

Iris Online, Catullus: the most loved of love poets, dicit: sed mulier cupido quod dicit amanti, in uento et rapida scribere oportet aqua. (70.3-4) She says this: but what a woman says to an eager lover should be written on the wind and running water. back

Jimmy Wales, Learning to trust the internet again, ' This month, Wikipedians around the world came together for the first-ever all-virtual celebration of their work, Wikimania 2021. As thousands of volunteer editors connected across time zones and languages, these moments of collaboration show us how we can use the power of the internet for good. We will achieve this, not as individuals, but as a collaborative movement of knowledge seekers. Together, we can rebuild trust in the internet, and by extension, in each other.' back

John von Neumann (2014), Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, ' Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics by John von Neumann translated from the German by Robert T. Beyer (New Edition) edited by Nicholas A. Wheeler. Princeton UP Princeton & Oxford. Preface: ' This book is the realization of my long-held intention to someday use the resources of TEX to produce a more easily read version of Robert T. Beyer’s authorized English translation (Princeton University Press, 1955) of John von Neumann’s classic Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik (Springer, 1932).'This content downloaded from 129.127.145.240 on Sat, 30 May 2020 22:38:31 UTC back

Le Brio - Wikipedia, Le Brio - Wikipedia, the free encyclopeida, ' La Croix: In this film with excellent dialogue, Daniel Auteuil and Camélia Jordana play an obnoxious teacher and a fierce student whom he must prepare for an eloquence contest. ' https://www.la-croix.com/Culture/Cinema/Le-Brio-parole-Neila-2017-11-21-1200893673 back

Lex orandi, lex credendi - Wikipedia, Lex orandi, lex credendi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Lex orandi, lex credendi (Latin loosely translatable as the law of prayer is the law of belief) refers to the relationship between worship and belief, and is an ancient Christian principle which provided a measure for developing the ancient Christian creeds, the canon of scripture and other doctrinal matters based on the prayer texts of the Church, that is, the Church's liturgy. In the Early Church there were about 69 years of liturgical tradition before there was a creed and about 350 years before there was a biblical canon. These liturgical traditions provided the theological framework for establishing the creeds and canon.' back

Michael Condon & David Claughton, Bushfire survivors win landmark climate change case against NSW EPA, back

Noether's theorem - Wikipedia, Noether's theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Noether's (first) theorem states that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law. The theorem was proved by German mathematician Emmy Noether in 1915 and published in 1918. The action of a physical system is the integral over time of a Lagrangian function (which may or may not be an integral over space of a Lagrangian density function), from which the system's behavior can be determined by the principle of least action.' back

Rolling Stones, Paint it Black, ' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nVrdXUHvsF0 ( (Album Aftermath 1966) Paint it Black - Live Concert from Beacon Theatre, New York City 2006, USA Mick Jagger - Vocals back

Selina Carlhoff [...] Adam Brunn, Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea, back

Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, No One in Europe Is Safe From My Country’s Dictator, ; Just over a year ago, on Aug. 9, 2020, I stood in Belarus’s presidential election against Aleksandr Lukashenko. The dictator, who has ruled the country for 27 years with an iron fist, stole victory from us, setting off widespread protests. We united in a national pro-democracy movement to demand the release of all political prisoners, an end to state violence and a free and fair election. The regime responded with violence. Since then, more than 35,000 people have been detained, nearly 5,000 of whom claim they were tortured. The authorities have started 4,691 politically motivated criminal cases, and according to Viasna, an independent human rights center, there are now over 600 political prisoners. Ten people have lost their lives.' back

Vincent of Lerins - Wikipedia, Vincent of Lerins - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Saint Vincent of Lérins (died c. 445) (in Latin, Vincentius) was a Gallic author of early Christian writings.' back

Wave function collapse - Wikipedia, Wave function collapse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In quantum mechanics, wave function collapse is said to occur when a wave function—initially in a superposition of several eigenstates—appears to reduce to a single eigenstate (by "observation"). It is the essence of measurement in quantum mechanics and connects the wave function with classical observables like position and momentum. Collapse is one of two processes by which quantum systems evolve in time; the other is continuous evolution via the Schrödinger equation.' back

Zvi Bar'el, Opinion | Biden Pulls the Rug Out From Under Israel's Justifications for Its Occupation , ' From now on, Israel will be the last Western country involved in an occupation – to which it attributes strategic security importance, in a not overly successful effort to conceal its ideological, historical and messianic-religious master plan. . . . Because unlike the American occupation, when it comes to its goal, for Israel the occupation is a central foundation for shaping Israeli society and culture, an essential component in building the Jewish nation, and in instilling a consciousness of the right to control another people and bring divine promises to fruition. It informs a colonialist policy and creates a distorted form of Israeli democracy.' back

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