Notes
Sunday 7 August 2022 - Saturday 13 August 2022
[Notebook: DB 88: Salvation]
[page 133]
Sunday 7 August 2022
Working hard on the website. Very slow on this notebook.
An idea about Newton's bucket. In the non-quantized region of gravitation spin, ie action itself, is not quantized but it is local and a source of acceleration, thus making the surface of the spinning water concave
Another principle: possibility (and therefore statistics) is half real like kinesis (motion) also half real so possibility + kinesis = −E + +E = 0.
[page 134]
Conclusion: Aristotle distinguished possibility and actuality and coined the false axiom no pssibility can actualize itself. Now we know that possibility and motion are both half real and serve together to act as intermediaries between real observable fixed points (page 20: Fixed points and particles). Einstein's basic problem was a false idea of the power of God in the face of Gödel and Turing.
Black hole a closed null geodesic: [a closed trapped surface that a photon cannot escape] Roger Penrose (2020): Nobel lecture 2020: Black Holes, Cosmology and Space-Time Singularities
Monday 8 August 2022
The uncertainty principle works throughout life because possibilities vastly outnumber actualities. [The source of this situation seems to be Hilbert space]
Tuesday 9 August 2022
Wednesday 10 August 2022
Next project: To write a serious technical rebuttle of quantum fluctuation rubbish.
New idea for Newton's bucket. The initial singularity is not a quantum of action, it is simply, as Aquinas says actus purus, omnino simplex. Then, when it starts reproducing itself, quantization kicks in via orthogonality and we have quanta of action, distinguishable packets (ie orthogonal to one another). These quanta are vectors in the growing Hilbert space.
Thursday 11 August 2022
Friday 12 August 2022
Symmetries are broken by adding details. We break the symmetry of a snowflake by marking one of its arms. The underlying symmetry remains. The initial symmetry of the universe is actus purus, the divinity. Like the origin of the Trinity, this entity breaks its symmetry by generating orthogonal distinct personalities according to Shannon's theory. The underlying symmetry remains and is the foundation of gravitation. The broken symmetries are the foundation of quantum mechanics, which populates the interior of the initial singularity motivated in part by [the kinematics of] Cantor's theorem, in part by fixed point theory. Gravitation is not quantized and is described by a [continuous smooth] Lie group whose group operation is described by Einstein's field equation. All the other particles in the universe are built by elaborations of this group made possible by the entropy increase inherent in the quantum realization of states in Minkowski space.
Greene page 146: 'Each elementary particle is a single string one Planck length ie E-33 cm long. Diameter of proton
[page 135]
1.7E-12 cm, so there are E21 strings across a proton. String tension in graviton (page 146) is E43 Newton, Planck tension, all a bit hard to swallow specially when we add mass of string (eg mass of electron) and calculate frequency of vibration. Wave velocity = √T/μ, T = tension, μ = linear density. So we are looking at √E43 / electron mass per metre = E-30 kg / E-35 metre, = E5 kg per metre so frequency = √ E43/E5 = E19 metres per second wave velocity / E-33 length of string = E52 Hz. Putting energy = ℏω we get E-34 × E52 = E18 J. Electron mass in Joules is E-30 × c^2 (E17) = E-13, so we have a discrepancy in the order of E18 × E13 = E31, but I'm sure the string theorists have an answer to this. Brian Greene (1999); The Elegant Universe: superstrings, hidden dimensions and the quest for the ultimate theoryGreene page 135: 'the theory suggests that the microscopic landscape is suffused with tiny strings whose vibrational patterns orchestrate the evolution of the cosmos. . . . By contrast, the standard model views the elementary constituents of the universe as pointlike ingredients with no internal structure.' The strings also have no internal structure, just 4D structure mapped onto Minkowski space. In some way analogous to Hilbert space [also if they are going to have structure the calculation above gives only a base frequency and Fourier says they will need some overtones to manifest much structure].
' . . . attempts to incorporate gravity into [the Standard model's] quantum mechanical framework have failed due to the violent fluctuations of the spatial fabric that appear at ultramicroscopic distances—that is distances shorter than the Planck length.'
page 136: '. . . the simple replacement of point particles with strands of string as the fundamental ingredients of everything has far reaching consequences. First and foremost, it appears to resolve the conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics' [please explain].
page 137: Veneziano amplitude Veneziano amplitude - Wikipedia
page 138: Green-Schwarz mechanism Green-Schwarz mechanism
page 139: Michael Green: ' The moment you encounter string theory and realize that almost all the major developments in physics over the last hundred years emerge—and they emerge with such elegance—from such a simple starting point you realize that this incredibly compelling theory is in a class of its own.
page 240: ' The situation in string theory is even more difficult. Even determining the equations themselves has proved to be so difficult that only approximate versions have so far been deduced.'
page 142: '. . . every time our understanding of the universe deepens we find yet smaller microscopic ingredients contributing to a finer
[page 136]
level of matter.' Which ingredients have lower entropy and so less ability to determine the structure of the universe. By invoking 'reverse entropy' we might be able to deduce the microscopic structure of the universe from its macroscopic structure but not vice versa. This idea is entirely on the wrong track because it assumes that the universe is made of material particles rather logical networks. The finest details in it are logical operators measured by the quantum of action.
Greene page 143: 'Here's the central fact. Just as the different vibrational patterns of a violin string give rise to different musical notes, the different vibrational patterns of a fundamental string give rise to different masses and force charges. Hilbert space again.
page 146: Each elementary particle is composed of a single string—that is each particle is a single string—and all strings are absolutely identical. Differences between the particles arise because their respective strings undergo different resonant vibrational patterns.' which appear to be indistinguishable from vectors in Hilbert space [also how do they maintain their peculiar vibratory structures?].
'. . . under certain assumptions that we will clearly state, string theory can give rise to a universe with properties that are in qualitative agreement with the known particle and force data, but extracting detailed numerical predictions from the theory is currently beyond our abilities,'
page 148: Scherk and Schwarz: graviton string tension E39 te = E43 N = Planck tension (see calculation pge 135).
page 149: ' Since the minimal energy denominations are proportional to the string's tension, and since the tension is enormous, the fundamental minimal energies are, on the the usual scales of elementary particles, similarly huge. They are multiples of the Planck energy (2E9 J, 1.22 E19 GeV),
So let us say the diameter of a string is 1% of its length, say E-37 metre, so volume is − (E35 + E37 + E37) = E-109 m^3, energy 2E9 J so energy density = E118 J m^-3, in the same meaningless range as the QFT cosmological constant. Cosmological constant problem - Wikipedia
page 151: 'If string theory is right each of the infinitely many resonant patterns of string vibration should correspond to an elementary particle.' So infinitely many [different] very heavy particles!
page 152: 'String theory softens the violent quantum fluctuations by 'smearing' out the short distance properties of space', or as Feynman would say, sweeping them under the rug.
page 153; Resolution is not a matter of the 'size of the particles' but of their momentum and wavelength.
page 155: 'the extended nature of the string prevents you from using it to probe phenomena at sub-Planck length distances'.
page 137
Greene page 157: So ' The supposed pernicious spatial fluctuations are now seen to have arisen in our theories because we were unaware of these limits [lengths of strings] and were led by a point particle approach to grossly overstep the bounds of physical reality.' Now you tell us. What about the thickness of a string? [Given the Planck-Einstein relationship, p = ℏ /λ we conclude that the momentum corresponding the wavelength of E-35 metres is E-30 / E-35 = E5 kilogram metres per second, ie 100 kg me running at 1000 metres per second. An electron with mass E-30 kg travelling at one third of the speed of light c/3 (E8 metres per second) has momentum of E-30 × E8 = E-22 kilogram metres per second. Does this make any sense? The momentum of the fluctuations at the wavelength of the string would knock the string around very violently]
page 160: Now the particles are loops of string, smaller than the length of the string.
page 161: We emphasized that point particle interaction at indentifiable points in space and time, a location that all observers can agree on. So what happened to uncertainty? [we say Δp.Δx ≈ ℏ. Δx = E-35 metres, ℏ = E-30 so Δp will be about E5 kilogram metres per second, which will "smear" a string a long way.]page 163: 'smearing'. . . 'so much so that calculations will yield definite answers in place of the previous infinities. So loops a new way to renormalize?
page 165: Ultraviolet catastrophe eliminatated by ad hoc! And intrinsic multi dimensional strings.
page 173: supersymmetry. Page 174 no evidence, another mathematical delusion.
page 177: antiscreening / high temperature energy unification of forces.
page 179: 'superpartners must be a good deal heavier than the known particles.' Why? Because we do not observe them.
page 180: ' The case for supersymmetry is strengthened when we consiter its role in string theory.'
Enought of this. It seems hard for me to find string theory convincing although Greene is very keen to write as though it is a fait accompli. The betes noires are the alleged zero point energy in the quantum vacuum and the point nature of particles. The answer lies in the lengths of the strings which is believed to settle the chaos and restore the smoothness of space required for gravitation. I still prefer my story and now I have to work on it full time until 19 September when the Commonweal [with my ad] comes out. Meanwhile I worry about the silence of my Ukrainian friend.
The idea that gravitation is represented by the unquantized omnino simplex actus purus is good since it more or less sets gravitation and quantum mechanics up with the same source. The initial singularity per se is gravitation, a continuous manifold. The broken and quantized version of the initial singularity [symmetry] within gravitation being the creator of the quantized world.
