natural theology

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vol VII: Notes

2019

Notes

Sunday 7 April 2019 - Saturday 13 April 2019

[Notebook: DB 83: Physical Theology]

[page 187]

Sunday 7 April 2019

Another night of confusion followed by a morning of clarity, sorting out the path to be taken in my thesis, the search for certainty through politics, philosophy and science.

Monday 8 April
Tuesday 9 April 2019
Wednesday 10 April 2019

We can imagine the transfinite computer network as a formal model of the universe randomly searching the space of possible processes and de facto selecting those stable processes that turn out to be computable functions in their context, capable of maintaining their own existence. This idea goes in Chapter 2 on classical computer networks [now moved to chapter 3].

[page 188]

Networks provide non-constructive motivation for construction insofar as they rule out inconsistencies by exposing them in one way or another. The de facto measure of exposure is a failure to connect, a meeting that does not happen.

In a way we can exonerate the Church for its false theology because it is trapped in ancient physics, much of it Aristotelian which no longer holds. The fundamental Aristotelian error is the axiom that no potential (dunamis) can become actual (energeia, entelecheia) without the intervention of something already actual. This is the foundation of the argument for the unmoved mover. Now, as the simple harmonic oscillator demonstrates, potential and actual energy are precisely equivalent.

Now that I am beginning to feel that I have got the thesis under control my motivation has seeped away. Now it is just work but quite exciting work nevertheless, and I am sure the lust to write will return soon.

Quantum mechanics is the software of the quantum network and is both the source of space-time and [of] quantum field theory. A clue to this relationship is that Lorentz transformation and quantum operations are modelled mathematically as rotations, that is as lossless codecs.

The software foundation of the classical computer network is the nand gate, and we may imagine a computer as C = {nand,

[page 189]

memory}.

Does quantum mechanics explain the large scale structure of the universe through entanglement?

Computer = {clock, nand, addressable memory} , {processor, memory}

What is the force of entanglement? Maybe none, but the shape of space which guides the geodesics of inertial systems. How does it relate to the boson/fermion dichotomy? Both can be entangled, suggesting that entanglement precedes the bifurcation into bosons and fermions [and the origin of spacetime and the velocity of light]. Mathematically [entanglement] means the wave function cannot be factorized.

Network processes communicate by reading and writing from and to the same memory address, eg the air between us as we talk.

The quantum roulette wheel: quantum transformation are rotations, like Lorentz transformations. Observations take a snapshot of the quantum rotation as modelled by the Born rule.

Trinity is an example of a network atom, two sources and a channel, Father, Son and Spirit, the first fruit of fixed point theory.

Mathematical bounds of the classical computer network are as wide as the bounds of mathematics itself. A Turing machine can execute Cantor's proof, perhaps simply by a lookup table.

[page 190]

Network atom is scale invariant, ranging from two fermions coupled by bosons to people coupled by speech or galaxies coupled by gravitation. What is the transformation that transforms mass into geodesic deviations [Einstein's field equation]?

Entanglement correlates events prior to space-time. Particles are entangled, and particles need space time to exist [is entanglement the formal foundation of the universe, all bound into one unfactorizable equation]?

Mathematicians use meaning to make transfinite problems finitely representable, so Cantor's book about transfinite numbers is only a hundred pages or so.

Transfinite numbers are very elastic, like topological space because they are infinite and not so sharply defined. What goes on in[side] the set of natural numbers can have any size as long as it is greater than 1 and less that 0. In the set of reals, everything is greater than 0 and less than 1 [and so on up the transfinite scale].

The basic function of computers in a network is lossless (?) transformation, ie reversible proofs, which is the defining behaviour of isolated quantum systems which is broken by observation, once the invisibility is broken entropy increases.

When I say that the most convincing explanations are mechanical I am thinking of mechanical in software engineering terms, ie applied logic. When logic becomes physical we have the functioning of the real world, which is the root idea of panpsychism. Panpsychism - Wikipedia

[page 191]

Quantum mechanics is all a matter of phase, that is timing, since it is the timing (at constant vector length) that determines the superposition [timing also enters quantum field theory, since special relativity shows that in communication terms space can be measured by time via the velocity of lght c].

The big question is can I pull it off. Have been trying for fifty year and so must now learn to do the philosophical fudge.

Fixed point theory works because we begin with a set which is a fixed (complex) point (compact, convex etc) and map it onto itself to find a fixed point. So in effect the Son is in the Father and the Spirit is the dynamic transformation that joins them. Is this an explication of the proof of Brouwer's theorem, in some way related to Shannon's theorem: maybe all mathematical theorems are fixed point theorems, eg Pythagoras.

Thursday 11 April 2019

Philosophy: wrestling with the world, trying to get a grip that will immobilize it long enough to get s clear understanding while enjoying the dynamics of the struggle. Since earliest times the principal tools have been logic and observation working toward two phases of consistency: the consistency of hypothetical models and the consistency of models with the observed world. Einstein's tours de force deal with the large scale structure of the world, special and general relativity; quantum mechanics deals with the microscopic mechanisms that explain the large scale structure, neurophysiology deals with the minds of the philosophers and scientists who try to construct this understanding, and the foundation of my thesis is the concept, very ancient, that the human mind is a microcosm, tuned to the universe by sharing the same mechanisms of creation and understanding.

[page 192]

I am out of the philosophical mainstream and how far I have to swim to get myself into it.

Taylor, Z & S Fitzgerald Taylor: Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald: Sometimes Madness is Wisdom

The principal role of computers is to transform information from one form to another for one purpose or another.

For the first time I am beginning to feel that my belief that I can completely rebuild theology as a legitimate science is beginning to feel a bit deluded. I am beginning to get a sense of the size of the project I have undertaken and the necessity to get it right if I am going to pull it off in this life. So time to move from wishful thinking to a linked sequence of concrete points that add up to a plausible hypothesis.

Aquinas treatment of God at the beginning of the Summa relies more on Aristotelian ideas than quotations from the Bible. Although a number of theologians commented extensively on Aquinas' work (eg Cajetan, Pope Leo) nothing much new was added and when the Reformation came there was a mass exodus from speculative theology back to biblical literalism. So we find that now the Catholic Catechism is basically Biblical + magisterial statements and references to the Fathers. The principal contemporary defender of Aquinas is Bernard Lonergan. Catholic Church: Catechism of the Catholic Church: Revised in accordance with the official Latin text promulgated by Pope John Paul II, Pope John Paul II: The Catechism of the Catholic Church, Thomas Cajetan - Wikipedia, Bernard Lonergan - Wikipedia

Friday 12 April 2019

[page 193]

Wigner: does the universe embody logic? It embodies mathematics so that it seems that it should embody logic. Since the advent of quantum computation I think this proposition is definitely true. Wigner works by induction but quantum computation explains the mechanism. Eugene Wigner: The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences, Nielsen & Chuang: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information

Does God exist. Aquinas' proof, like Aristotle's, depends on the axiom that no potential can actualize itself. Now, however, potential energy and real particles are precisely equivalent, so we find that the whole universe is an unmoved mover, that is locally divine at every event.

Saturday 13 April 2019

I need to grow to fill the role, to being an honours student in a respectable university after being something of an inauthentic outlier all my life, amazed that I am now 74 years old and all alone in the world. It is this sort of pressure that is shaping me to come out in the role of bête noire of the Catholic Church, something that I have not really got a grip of, but which I hope becoming a respected cog in a university will help me to achieve as my hero Thomas Aquinas did. I have been hiding from what I am, thinking that I own myself when, according to my hypothesis, I am a personality of the divinity and need to assert my prophetic role. I have done the best I can, however, following my chosen trajectory for 55 years. The task is now to gather it all up into a coherent narrative and set it down to be judged. Step 1 is to assemble

[page 194]

the thesis out of pieces of the website and then polish it until it shines. What I am trying to do is create myself and the process is a paradigm of all creation as I understand it, forming a definite image out of the mist of possibility by variation and selection.

David Sedley Lucretius and the Transformation of Greek Wisdom Sedley

'Lucretius used poetry to illuminate philosophy. My aim in this book is to use philosophy to illuminate poetry': dualism and reference frames.

Lucretius transformed Epicurean philosophy to fit a language, a culture and a literary medium for which it was never intended.

Epicurus technical Greek prose to Lucretius Latin verse, so demonstrating the universality of Epicureanism.

Epicurus On Nature: Empedocles → Lucretius 'On Nature'

page xvii: 'Lucretius' reworking of his Epicurean material has transferred Epicurus primary deductive chain of reasoning into a radically new style of discourse, governed even more by the requirements of rhetoric than by those of philosophical dialectic.'

page 2: Empedocles expounded his world system in On Nature Peri Phuseas, Love and Strife.

Were there two poems, one on physics, one on spirit?

page 10: Papyri attributed to Empedocles denounce animal slaughter.

[page 195]

The Aftermath The Aftermath (2019 film) - Wikipedia

Does the transfinite network describe the whole space of possible computations, ie all possible sequences of operation, rather like the Turing machine? We want something like a transfinite dimensional Hilbert space? We imagine a processor with 256 instruction to be executed in a sequence determined by software. How does this fit with n! The higher alephs are more complex systems. We need a book on software design.

Can we make the transfinite network into a model of the unverse? How do we make a computer model of a human drama, eg Testament of Youth? Testament of Youth (film) - Wikipedia

First we quote Cantor, then mechanize it.

The concept of "ordinal type" developed here, when it is transferred in like manner to "multiply ordered agregates," embraces, in conjunction with the concepts of "cardinal number" or "power . . . everything capable of being numbered (Anzahlmassige) that is thinkable, and in this sense cannot be further generalized. Cantor: Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers

All theories of the world must leave room for tragedy, disaster, good and evil.

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Further reading

Books

Click on the "Amazon" link below each book entry to see details of a book (and possibly buy it!)

Cantor, Georg, Contributions to the Founding of the Theory of Transfinite Numbers (Translated, with Introduction and Notes by Philip E B Jourdain), Dover 1895, 1897, 1955 Jacket: 'One of the greatest mathematical classics of all time, this work established a new field of mathematics which was to be of incalculable importance in topology, number theory, analysis, theory of functions, etc, as well as the entire field of modern logic.' 
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Catholic Church, Catechism of the Catholic Church: Revised in accordance with the official Latin text promulgated by Pope John Paul II, United States Catholic Conference 2000 Jacket: "This second edition of the Cathechism of the Catholic Church has been revised in accordance with the official Latin text promulgated by Pope John Paul II in 1997. It has been enhanced by the addition of more than 100 pages which include ... An analytical index translated from the Latin text; A glossary of terms; The decree of promulgation of the official Latin text. The first new compendium of Catholic Doctrine in more than 400 years, the Catechism of the Catholic Church stands, in the words of Pope John Paul II, as "a sure norm for teaching the faith" and an 'authentic reference text"." 
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Dickson, Carter, Night at the Mocking Widow, Zebra 1988 Amazon customer reviw'5.0 out of 5 stars Excellent Mystery April 12, 2013 By LindaHogg Format:Mass Market Paperback|Amazon Verified Purchase I have always been a fan of Carter Dickson/John Dickson Carr, but had not read this particular book before. It is a good one as most of them are. Other than an Agatha Christie story, this mystery, centering around anonymous letters, is the best I've ever read. Had to slow down my normal reading pace so I could enjoy it longer. Sir Henry Merrivale is always a fun read. This book will not disappoint. For me, knowing full well that I am not going to be able to figure out who the guilty party is makes the read even more enjoyable. Mr. Carr develops the storyline so well it allows this reader to become immediately involved with the main characters and to thoroughly enjoy the mystery. This particular book has a copyright date of 1950 which is considerably later than the other books I have by this author. And yet, it remains true to Mr. Carr's writing style. I love these English mysteries and should anyone wish to read this author for the first time, consider starting with this one.' 
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Golding, William, Lord of the Flies, Faber and Faber 1973 Amazon.com Review 'William Golding's classic tale about a group of English schoolboys who are plane-wrecked on a deserted island is just as chilling and relevant today as when it was first published in 1954. At first, the stranded boys cooperate, attempting to gather food, make shelters, and maintain signal fires. Overseeing their efforts are Ralph, "the boy with fair hair," and Piggy, Ralph's chubby, wisdom-dispensing sidekick whose thick spectacles come in handy for lighting fires. Although Ralph tries to impose order and delegate responsibility, there are many in their number who would rather swim, play, or hunt the island's wild pig population. Soon Ralph's rules are being ignored or challenged outright. His fiercest antagonist is Jack, the redheaded leader of the pig hunters, who manages to lure away many of the boys to join his band of painted savages. The situation deteriorates as the trappings of civilization continue to fall away, until Ralph discovers that instead of being hunters, he and Piggy have become the hunted: "He forgot his words, his hunger and thirst, and became fear; hopeless fear on flying feet." Golding's gripping novel explores the boundary between human reason and animal instinct, all on the brutal playing field of adolescent competition.' --Jennifer Hubert - 
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Lonergan, Bernard J F, and (edited by Frederick E Crowe and Robert M Doran, Grace and Freedom: Operative Grace in the Thought of St Thomas Aquinas, Jacket: "Grace and Freedom represents Lonergan's entry into subject matter that would occupy him throughout his lifetime. At the same time it is a manifestation of the thinking that has made him one of the world's foremost Thomist scholars. . . . Lonergan's thesis is that from the sixteenth century onwards, commentators on Thomas Aquinas lacked historical consciousness, raised questions that Thomas had never considered, and obfuscated the issues. Lonergan's achievement consists in having retrieved the actual postion by adopting a historical approach that has reconstructed [Thomas's] intellectual development on grace. . . . What Lonergan also adds is a unique diagnosis of the mistakes made by the modern scholastic authors in their treatment of grace. Throughout this work, Lonergan discovers in Thomas a mind in constant development, displaying radical shifts on fundamental questions. . . . ' 
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Matthews, William A., Lonergan's Quest: A Study of Desire in the Authoring of Insight, University of Toronto Press 2005 Book Description Publication Date: November 1, 2005 "Insight" is widely regarded as Bernard Lonergan's masterwork. Worked out over a period of twenty-eight years, its aim was to present a theory of human knowing that underpinned the wide range of disciplines it addressed and their distinctive insights. In "Lonergan's Quest," William A. Mathews details the genesis, researching, composition, and question structure of Insight. The path to "Insight" began for Lonergan in the 1920s with his studies in philosophy at Heythrop College. Questioning many of the accepted truths of those studies, Lonergan's interests moved to economics while teaching in Depression-era Montreal, and later to theology and the philosophy of history while studying in Rome. The writing of Insight began in earnest in 1949 and soon evolved into Lonergan's masterpiece, encompassing his many divergent, but philosophically coherent, streams of thought. An intellectual biography, "Lonergan's Quest" locates "Insight" centrally within the broader philosophical tradition, presenting a new solution to the problem of the mind-world relation as posed by Immanuel Kant, as well as addressing the nature of consciousness. The book demonstrates that the desire of the human mind is also a narrative in time through which the intellectual identity of the author is forged and their relation with the text established. 
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Maugham, W. Somerset, Cakes and Ale, Vintage; Reprint edition 2000 'Cakes and Ale is a delicious satire of London literary society between the Wars. Social climber Alroy Kear is flattered when he is selected by Edward Driffield's wife to pen the official biography of her lionized novelist husband, and determined to write a bestseller. But then Kear discovers the great novelist's voluptuous muse (and unlikely first wife), Rosie. The lively, loving heroine once gave Driffield enough material to last a lifetime, but now her memory casts an embarrissing shadow over his career and respectable image. Wise, witty, deeply satisfying, Cakes and Ale is Maugham at his best.' 
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Nielsen, Michael A, and Isaac L Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press 2000 Review: A rigorous, comprehensive text on quantum information is timely. The study of quantum information and computation represents a particularly direct route to understanding quantum mechanics. Unlike the traditional route to quantum mechanics via Schroedinger's equation and the hydrogen atom, the study of quantum information requires no calculus, merely a knowledge of complex numbers and matrix multiplication. In addition, quantum information processing gives direct access to the traditionally advanced topics of measurement of quantum systems and decoherence.' Seth Lloyd, Department of Quantum Mechanical Engineering, MIT, Nature 6876: vol 416 page 19, 7 March 2002. 
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Sedley, David, Lucretius and the Transformation of Greek Wisdom, Cambridge University Press 1998 ' Introduction: The old quarrel between poetry and philosophy may have simmered down, but in Lucretian studies the two do not always manage to be as willing allies as they ought to be. Lucretius used poetry to illuminate philosophy. My aim in this book is to use philosophy to illuminate poetry.'
what he was transforming and how he set about his task.'  
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Taylor, Kendall, Zelda and Scott Fitzgerald: Sometimes Madness is Wisdom, Harper Collins Flamingo 2001 Jacket: 'A library of books has been published about the legendary Fitzgeralds whose lives were filled with epic drama and tragedy. But Kendall Taylor proves that the best account of Zelda Sayre Fitzgerals—smart, beautiful and ambitious—was till waiting to be written. No other portrait is so richly detailed, as psychologically nuanced, as powerful and disturbing.'  
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Papers

Davies, E B, "Building Infinite Machines", British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, , , , page . Abstract; 'We describe in some detail how to build an infinite computing machine within an infinite Newtonian universe. The relevance of our construction to the Church-Turing thesis and the Platonist-Intuitionist debate about the nature of mathematics are also discussed.'. back

Mohseni, S.M., et al, "Spin Torque-Generated Magnetic Drop Solitons", Science, 339, 6125, 15 March 2013, page 1295-1298. 'Dissipative solitons have been reported in a wide range of nonlinear systems, but the observation of their magnetic analog has been experimentally challenging. Using spin transfer torque underneath a nanocontact on a magnetic thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA), we have observed the generation of dissipative magnetic droplet solitons and report on their rich dynamical properties. Micromagnetic simulations identify a wide range of automodulation frequencies, including droplet oscillatory motion, droplet "spinning," and droplet "breather" states. The droplet can be controlled by using both current and magnetic fields and is expected to have applications in spintronics, magnonics, and PMA-based domain-wall devices.'. back

Xui, Wei, Thomas C Sudhof, "A Neural Circuit for Memory Specificity and Generalization", Science, 339, 6125, 15 March 2013, page 1290-1295. Abstract: 'Increased fear memory generalization is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, but the circuit mechanisms that regulate memory specificity remain unclear. Here, we define a neural circuit—composed of the medial prefrontal cortex, the nucleus reuniens (NR), and the hippocampus—that controls fear memory generalization. Inactivation of prefrontal inputs into the NR or direct silencing of NR projections enhanced fear memory generalization, whereas constitutive activation of NR neurons decreased memory generalization. Direct optogenetic activation of phasic and tonic action-potential firing of NR neurons during memory acquisition enhanced or reduced memory generalization, respectively. We propose that the NR determines the specificity and generalization of memory attributes for a particular context by processing information from the medial prefrontal cortex en route to the hippocampus.'. back

Links

Aquinas 330, I 64 2: Whether the will of the demons is obstinate in evil?, 'Now the angel's apprehension differs from man's in this respect, that the angel by his intellect apprehends immovably, as we apprehend immovably first principles which are the object of the habit of "intelligence"; whereas man by his reason apprehends movably, passing from one consideration to another; and having the way open by which he may proceed to either of two opposites. Consequently man's will adheres to a thing movably, and with the power of forsaking it and of clinging to the opposite; whereas the angel's will adheres fixedly and immovably. Therefore, if his will be considered before its adhesion, it can freely adhere either to this or to its opposite (namely, in such things as he does not will naturally); but after he has once adhered, he clings immovably. So it is customary to say that man's free-will is flexible to the opposite both before and after choice; but the angel's free-will is flexible either opposite before the choice, but not after. Therefore the good angels who adhered to justice, were confirmed therein; whereas the wicked ones, sinning, are obstinate in sin. Later on we shall treat of the obstinacy of men who are damned (SP, 98, 1, 2). back

Ayelet Gundar-Goshen, The secret of Netanyahu's success? A simple tale of good versus evil, ' Israel is a land of storytellers. Authors such as Amos Oz and David Grossman are acclaimed worldwide, and the political thriller Fauda has the nation well and truly addicted. But the best storyteller in our country is Benjamin Netanyahu. The prime minister’s talent allows him to construct a narrative so realistic, one could actually believe in it.' back

Bernard Lonergan - Wikipedia, Bernard Lonergan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Bernard Joseph Francis Lonergan SJ CC (17 December 1904 – 26 November 1984) was a Canadian Jesuit priest, philosopher, and theologian, regarded by many as one of the most important thinkers of the 20th century. Lonergan's works include Insight: A Study of Human Understanding (1957) and Method in Theology (1972), as well as two studies of Thomas Aquinas, several theological textbooks, and numerous essays, including two posthumously published essays on macroeconomics. A projected 25-volume Collected Works is underway with the University of Toronto Press. He held appointments at the Pontifical Gregorian University, Regis College, Toronto, as Distinguished Visiting Professor at Boston College, and as Stillman Professor of Divinity at Harvard University.' back

Boston College, Lonergan Institute, 'The Institute seeks to foster a local community of Lonergan scholarship with M.A. and Post-doctoral fellowships. In addition to the local community of Lonergan scholarship that it seeks to foster, the Institute reaches a wider audience by publishing journals and monographs. Dozens of articles and book-length studies have helped to communicate Lonergan’s ideas and generate discussion, debate, and dialogue throughout the English-speaking world.' back

Christopher Shields, Aristotle (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), First published Thu Sep 25, 2008 'Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer: . . . A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps numbering as many as two-hundred treatises, from which approximately thirty-one survive. His extant writings span a wide range of disciplines, from logic, metaphysics and philosophy of mind, through ethics, political theory, aesthetics and rhetoric, and into such primarily non-philosophical fields as empirical biology, where he excelled at detailed plant and animal observation and taxonomy. In all these areas, Aristotle's theories have provided illumination, met with resistance, sparked debate, and generally stimulated the sustained interest of an abiding readership.' back

Christopher Shields - Aristotle, Aristotle (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), First published Thu Sep 25, 2008 'Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer: . . . A prodigious researcher and writer, Aristotle left a great body of work, perhaps numbering as many as two-hundred treatises, from which approximately thirty-one survive. His extant writings span a wide range of disciplines, from logic, metaphysics and philosophy of mind, through ethics, political theory, aesthetics and rhetoric, and into such primarily non-philosophical fields as empirical biology, where he excelled at detailed plant and animal observation and taxonomy. In all these areas, Aristotle's theories have provided illumination, met with resistance, sparked debate, and generally stimulated the sustained interest of an abiding readership.' back

Cryptic Crossword - Wikipedia, Cryptic Crossword - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In essence, a cryptic clue leads to its answer as long as it is read in the right way. What the clue appears to say when read normally (the surface reading) is a distraction and usually has nothing to do with the clue answer. The challenge is to find the way of reading the clue that leads to the solution.\ back

David Harvey, We've found a quicker wsy to multiply really big numbers, ' A few weeks ago, Joris van der Hoeven and I posted a research paper describing a new multiplication algorithm that finally reaches the N log (N) holy grail, thus settling the “easy” part of the Schönhage–Strassen conjecture. . . . Instead of using one-dimensional FFTs — the staple of all work on this problem since 1971 — our algorithm relies on multidimensional FFTs. These gadgets are nothing new: the widely-used JPEG image format depends on 2-dimensional FFTs, and 3-dimensional FFTs have many applications in physics and engineering.' back

Euclid - Wikipedia, Euclid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Euclid (Greek: Εὐκλείδης Eukleidēs; fl. 300 BC), sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclid of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century. In the Elements, Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms. Euclid also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory and rigor.' back

Eugene Wigner, The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences, 'The first point is that the enormous usefulness of mathematics in the natural sciences is something bordering on the mysterious and that there is no rational explanation for it. Second, it is just this uncanny usefulness of mathematical concepts that raises the question of the uniqueness of our physical theories.' back

Jenann Ismael, Quantum Mechanics (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), First published Wed Nov 29, 2000; substantive revision Tue Sep 1, 2009 'Quantum mechanics is, at least at first glance and at least in part, a mathematical machine for predicting the behaviors of microscopic particles — or, at least, of the measuring instruments we use to explore those behaviors — and in that capacity, it is spectacularly successful: in terms of power and precision, head and shoulders above any theory we have ever had. . . . The question of what kind of a world it describes, however, is controversial; there is very little agreement, among physicists and among philosophers, about what the world is like according to quantum mechanics.' back

Leonid Ragozin, Why ethnopolitics doesn't work in Ukraine, ' The political divide between the Russian-speaking east and Ukrainian-speaking west is one of the most frequently used cliches about Ukraine. . . . But a cursory look at the voting map of Ukraine after the first round of the presidential elections reveals that the incumbent's calculations were wrong. Comedian Volodymyr Zelensky - seen as a Russian-speaking moderate who rejects ethnonationalism - dominated the west, centre and parts of the Russian-speaking east.' back

Martyr - Wikipedia, Martyr - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'A martyr (Greek: μάρτυς, mártys, "witness"; stem μάρτυρ-, mártyr-) is somebody who suffers persecution and death for refusing to renounce, or accept, a belief or cause, usually religious. . . . During the early Christian centuries, the term acquired the extended meaning of a believer who is called to witness for their religious belief, and on account of this witness, endures suffering and/or death. The term, in this later sense, entered the English language as a loanword. The death of a martyr or the value attributed to it is called martyrdom.' back

Matt Richtel and Andrew Jacobs, A Mysterious Infection, Spanning th Globe in a Clmate of Secrecy , ' Last May, an elderly man was admitted to the Brooklyn branch of Mount Sinai Hospital for abdominal surgery. A blood test revealed that he was infected with a newly discovered germ as deadly as it was mysterious. Doctors swiftly isolated him in the intensive care unit. The germ, a fungus called Candida auris, preys on people with weakened immune systems, and it is quietly spreading across the globe. Over the last five years, it has hit a neonatal unit in Venezuela, swept through a hospital in Spain, forced a prestigious British medical center to shut down its intensive care unit, and taken root in India, Pakistan and South Africa.' back

Meinard Kuhlmann, Quantum Field Theory (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), First published Thu Jun 22, 2006 'Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is the mathematical and conceptual framework for contemporary elementary particle physics. . . . QFT is presently the best starting point for analysing the fundamental features of matter and interactions.

During the last two decades QFT became a more and more vividly discussed topic in philosophy of physics. QFT is an attractive topic for philosophers with respect to methodology, semantics as well as ontology. Indeed, from a methodological point of view QFT is much more a set of formal strategies and mathematical tools than a closed theory. Its development was accompanied by problems provoked by the application of badly defined mathematics. Nevertheless, empirically such pragmatic approaches have been far more successful so far than more rigorous formulations. How could such a theory work for more than 70 years? Since mathematical reasoning dominated the heuristics of QFT, its interpretation is open in most areas which go beyond the immediate empirical predictions.' back

Panpsychism - Wikipedia, Panpsychism - Wikipedia, the free enecylopedia, 'In philosophy, panpsychism is the view that consciousness, mind, or soul (psyche) is a universal and primordial feature of all things. Panpsychists see themselves as minds in a world of mind. Panpsychism is one of the oldest philosophical theories, and has been ascribed to philosophers like Thales, Parmenides, Plato, Averroes, Spinoza, Leibniz, and William James. Panpsychism can also be seen in ancient philosophies such as Stoicism, Taoism, Vedanta and Mahayana Buddhism.' back

Peter MacHamer, Galileo Galilei (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy), First published Fri Mar 4, 2005; substantive revision Thu May 21, 2009 'Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) has always played a key role in any history of science and, in many histories of philosophy, he is a, if not the, central figure of the scientific revolution of the 17th century. His work in physics or natural philosophy, astronomy, and the methodology of science still evoke debate after over 360 years. His role in promoting the Copernican theory and his travails and trials with the Roman Church are stories that still require re-telling. This article attempts to provide an overview of these aspects of Galileo's life and work, but does so by focusing in a new way on his discussions of the nature of matter.' back

Pope John Paul II, The Catechism of the Catholic Church, The text of the Apostolic Constitution Fidei Depositum Prologue: '... 11 This catechism aims at presenting an organic synthesis of the essential and fundamental contents of Catholic doctrine, as regards both faith and morals, in the light of the Second Vatican Council and the whole of the Church's Tradition. Its principal sources are the SacredScriptures, the Fathers of the Church, the liturgy, and the Church's Magisterium. It is intended to serve "as a point of reference for thecatechisms or compendia that are composed in the various countries. ...' back

Q.E.D - Wikipedia, Q.E.D - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'Q.E.D. is an initialism of the Latin phrase quod erat demonstrandum, originating from the Greek analogous hóper édei deîxai (ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι), meaning "which had to be demonstrated". The phrase is traditionally placed in its abbreviated form at the end of a mathematical proof or philosophical argument when what was specified in the enunciation — and in the setting-out — has been exactly restated as the conclusion of the demonstration.[1] The abbreviation thus signals the completion of the proof. back

Renewable Energy World, Renewable Energy World, back

Testament of Youth (film) - Wikipedia, Testament of Youth (film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Testament of Youth is a 2014 British drama film based on the First World War memoir of the same name written by Vera Brittain. The film stars Alicia Vikander as Vera Brittain, an independent young woman who abandoned her studies at Somerville College, Oxford, to become a war nurse. The film was directed by James Kent and written by Juliette Towhidi.' back

The Aftermath (2019 film) - Wikipedia, The Aftermath (2019 film) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' The Aftermath is a 2019 drama film directed by James Kent and written by Joe Shrapnel and Anna Waterhouse, based on the novel of the same name by Rhidian Brook. It stars Keira Knightley, Alexander Skarsgård, Jason Clarke, and Alexander Scheer. The film was released in the United States on March 15, 2019, by Fox Searchlight Pictures. It had its world premiere at the Glasgow Film Festival on February 26, 2019' back

Thomas Cajetan - Wikipedia, Thomas Cajetan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, ' Thomas Cajetan (20 February 1469 – 9 August 1534), . . .was an Italian philosopher, theologian, cardinal (from 1517 until his death) and the Master of the Order of Preachers 1508-18. He was a leading theologian of his day who is now best known as the spokesman for Catholic opposition to the teachings of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation while he was the Pope's Legate in Augsburg, and perhaps also among Catholics for his extensive commentary on the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas.' back

Thomas R Pickering, America must atone for the torture it inflicted, 'Unfortunately, the U.S. government’s use of torture against suspected terrorists, and its failure to fully acknowledge and condemn it, has made the exercise of diplomacy far more daunting. By authorizing and permitting torture in response to a global terrorist threat, U.S. leaders committed a grave error that has undermined our values, principles and moral stature; eroded our global influence; and placed our soldiers, diplomats and intelligence officers in even greater jeopardy.' back

Turbulence - Wikipedia, Turbulence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, 'In fluid dynamics, turbulence or turbulent flow is a flow regime characterized by chaotic and stochastic[citation needed] property changes. This includes low momentum diffusion, high momentum convection, and rapid variation of pressure and velocity in space and time. Nobel Laureate Richard Feynman described turbulence as "the most important unsolved problem of classical physics."' back

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